500+ 2025 Leadership Books Written By Women

In honor of Women’s History Month, we created this list of 500+ 2025 leadership books written by women, and by people who identify as women. This list is meant to be a resource, not an official endorsement. The books are not ranked in any particular order.

1. [Un]framing the “Bad Woman”: Sor Juana, Malinche, Coyolxauhqui, and othe rebels with a cause by Alicia Gaspar de Alba
2. #Not Your Princess: Voices of Native American Women by Lisa Charleyboy, Mary Beth Leatherdale (editors)
3. 50 Billion Dollar Boss: African American Women Sharing Stories of Success in Entreprenuership and Leadership by Kathey Porter
4. A House of My Own: Stories From My Life by Sandra Cisneros
5. A Mythic Life: Learning to live our greater story by Jean Houston
6. A Passion for the Possible: A guide to realizing your true potential by Jean Houston
7. Abandon Me: Memoirs by Melissa Febos
8. After the Rain: Gentle Reminders for Healing, Courage, and Self-Love by Alexandra Elle
9. Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism by Bell Hooks
10. All Bout Love by Bell Hooks
11. All In: An Autobiography by Billie Jean King
12. Almost a Woman by Esmeralda Santiago
13. American Indian Stories by Zitkala-Sa
14. And A Voice to Sing With: A Memoir by Joan Baez
15. And Now We Are Going to Have a Party: Liner Notes to a Writer’s Early Life by Nicola Griffith
16. Annapurna: A woman’s place by Arlene Blum
17. AOC: The Fearless Rise and Powerful Resonance of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortes by Lynda Lopez
18. Apocalyptic Best Practices: A unique approach to fear and change by Elisebeth VanderWeil
19. As Long As Grass Grows: The Indigenous Fight for Environmental Justice, from Colonization to Standig Rock by Dina Gilio-Whitaker
20. As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom Through Radical Resistance by Laeanne Betasamosake Simpson
21. Ask For It: How women can use the power of negotiation to get what they really want by Linda Babcock & Sara Laschever
22. ASL Saved My Life…Until it didn’t by Jenni Kleinman Berebitsky
23. Atlas of the Heart: Mapping Meaningful Connection and the Language of Human Experience by Brene Brown
24. Bad Indians: A Tribal Memoir by Deborah Miranda
25. Balancing Work and Life: The Nia guide for Black Women by Sheryl Huggins, Cherly Mayberry McKissack
26. Bamboozled: How God Tricked Me inot the Life of My Dreams by Yvonne Orji
27. Be Water, My Friend: The Teachings of Bruce Lee by Sharon Lee
28. Becoming by Michelle Obama
29. Being Heumann: an unrepentent memoir of a disability rights activist by Judith E. Heumann
30. Believe Bigger: Discover the Path to Your Life Purpose by Marshawn Evans Daniels
31. Biased: Uncovering the hidden prejudice that shapes what we see, think, and do by Jennifer Eberhardt
32. Big Magic: Creative Living Beyond Fear by Elizabeth Gilbert
33. Bird of Paradise: How I became a Latina by Raquel Cepeda
34. Black Futures by Kimberly Drew, Jenna Wortham
35. Black Indian: A memoir by Shonda Buchanan
36. Black Power Inc.: The New Voices of Success by Cora Daniels
37. Blood, Bones & Butter: The Inadvertent Education of a Reluctant Chef by Gabrielle Hamilton
38. Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza by Gloria Anzaldúa
39. Boss Bride: The Powerful Woman’s Playbook for Love and Success by Charreah Jackson
40. Boundaries by Maya Lin (artist)
41. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous wisdom, scientific knowledge, and the teachings of plants by Robin Wall Kimmerer
42. Bridges to Heal US: Stories and Strategies for Racial Healing by Erin Jones
43. Brotopia: Breaking Up the Boy’s Club of Silicon Valley by Emily Chang
44. Caring: A feminine apporach to ethics and moral education by Nel Noddings
45. Climb: Taking Every Step with Conviction,Courage, and Calculated Risk to Achieve a Thriving Career and a Successful Life by Michelle Gadsden-Williams, Carolyn M. Brown
46. Come into My Office: Stories from an HR Leader in Silicon Valley by Mai Ton
47. Common Fire: Leading lives of commitment in a complex world by Sharon Parks, et. al.
48. Courage: The Backbone of Leadership by Gus Lee, Diane Elliott-Lee
49. Crazy Brave: A Memoir by Joy Harjo
50. Critically Sovereign: Indigenous Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies by Joanne Barker
51. Crux: A cross-border memoir by Jean Guerrero
52. Crying in H Mart: A Memoir by Michelle Zauner
53. Dancing at the Edge of the World: thoughts on words, woment, places by Ursula LeGuin
54. Dare to Lead: Brave Work. Tough Conversations. Whole Hearts. by Brene Brown
55. Dear Female Founder: 66 Letters of Advice from Women Entrepreneurs Who Have Made $1 Billion in Revenue by Lu Li
56. Dear Girls: Intimate Tales, Untold Secrets & Advice for Living Your Best Life by Ali Wong
57. Disability Visibility: First-Person Stories from the Twenty-First Century by Alice Wong
58. Disarm Your Limits: The flight formula to lift you to success and propel you to the next horizon by Jessica Cox
59. Dog Flowers: A Memoir by Danielle Geller
60. Double Down: Bet on Yourself and Scuceed on Your Own Terms by Antionette M. Clarke, Tricia Clarke-Stone
61. Dream Big by Deborah Rosado Shaw
62. Dream in Color: How the Sánchez Sisters are Making History in Congress by Linda Sánchez
63. Driven by Intention: Own Your Purpose, Gain Power, and Pursue Your Passion as a Woman at Work by Michelle Gadsden-Williams
64. Drop the Ball: Achieving more by doing less by Tiffany Dufu
65. Dwellings: A Spiritual History of the Living World by Linda Hogan
66. Eat, Pray, Love: One woman’s search for everything across Italy, India, and Indonesisa by Elizabeth Gilbert
67. Edge: Turning Adversity Into Advantage by Laura Huang
68. Elegy for a Disease: A Personal and Cultural History of Polio by Anne Finger
69. Emergent Strategy: Shaping Change, Changing Worlds by adrienne maree brown
70. Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan by Ruby Lal
71. Enduring Conviction: Fred Korematsu and His Quest for Justice by Lorraine K. Bannai
72. Entrepreneurial You: Monetize Your Expertise, Create Multiple Income Streams, and Thrive by Dorie Clark
73. Everybody’s Got Something by Robin Roberts & Veronica Chambers
74. Expect to Win: Proven Strategies for Success Froma a Wall Street Vet by Carla A. Harris
75. Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature by Rosemarie Garland-Thomson
76. Farmworker’s Daughter: Growing up Mexican American by Rose Castillo Guilbault
77. Fault Lines: A Memoir by Meena Alexander
78. Feeling Power: Emotions and education by Megan Boler
79. Feminist Queer Crip by Alison Kafer
80. Field Mice: Memoirs of a Migrant Child by Emma Gonzalez
81. Fierce Conversations: Achieving success at work & in life, one conversation at a time by Susan Scott
82. Find Another Dream by Maysoon Zayid
83. Finding Beauty in a Broken World by Terry Tempest Williams
84. Finding Latinx: In Search of the Voices Redefining Latino Identity by Paola Ramos
85. Finding Me: A Memoir by Viola Davis
86. Finding My Voice: My Journey to the West Wing and the Path Forward by Valarie Jarret
87. Finding Our Way: Leadership for uncertain times by Margaret Wheatley
88. Finding the Edge: My Life on the Ice by Karen Chen
89. Frida by Barbara Mujica
90. FutureProofed: How to Navigate Disruptive Change, Find Calm in Chaos, and Succeed in Work & Life by Natalia Peart
91. Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Mosses by Robin Wall Kimmerer
92. Girl Code: Unlocking the Secrets to Success, Sanity, and Happiness for the Female Entrepreneur by Cara Alwill Leyba
93. God is Red: A Native View of Religion by Vine deLoria, Jr.
94. Great Asian Americans: Ellison Onizuka by Stephanie Cham
95. Great Asian Americans: Michelle Kwan by Stephanie Cham
96. Great Asian Americans: Patsy Mink by Stephanie Cham
97. Great Asian Americans: Tammy Duckworth by Stephanie Cham
98. Great Asian Americans: Yo-Yo Ma by Stephanie Cham
99. Grit: The power of passion and perseverence by Angela Duckworth
100. Haben: The deafblind woman who conquered Harvard Law by Haben Girma
101. Hawaii’s Story by Liliuokalani, Queen of Hawaii
102. Heart Berries by Terese Marie Mailhot
103. Heart of Fire: An Immigrant Daughter’s Story by Mazie K. Hirono (politician)
104. Hermanas: Deepening our identity and growing our influence by Natialia Kohn Rivera
105. Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race by Margot Lee Shetterly
106. Hispanic Women Seeking Higher Leadership Roles in Business by Syliva C. Motta, PhD
107. Hood Feminist: Notes from the Women that a Movement Forgot by Mikki Kendall
108. How Remarkable Women Lead: The Breakthrough Model for Work and Life by Joanna Barsh
109. How to Get Stupid White Men Out of Office: The Anti-Politics, Un-Boring Guide to Power by adrienne maree brown (eds)
110. How to Raise a Feminist Son: Motherhood, Masculinity, and the Making of My Family by Sonora Jha
111. Deborah Smith Pegues by Sally Helgesen (& Marshall Goldsmith)
112. Hunger: A Memoir of (My) Body by Roxane Gay
113. I Am Schizophrenic: Poetry from a beautiful brain by Kerenza Ryan
114. I Got This: To Gold and Beyond by Lauren Hernandez
115. I Love a Broad Margin to My Life by Maxine Hong Kingston (author)
116. I Shouldn’t Be Telling You This: How to Ask for the Money, Snag the Promotion, and Create the Career You Deserve by Kate White
117. I’m Judging You: The do-better manual by Luvvie Ajayi
118. I’m the One That I Want by Margaret Cho
119. In a Different Voice: Psychological theory and women’s development by Carol Gilligan
120. In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens: Womanist prose by Alice Walker
121. In the Company of Women: Inspiration and Advice from over 100 Makers, Artists, and Entrepreneurs by Grace Bonney
122. In the Country We Love: My Family Divided by Diane Guerrero
123. In The Dream House: A Memoir by Carmen Maria Machado
124. In the Shadow of the Eagle: A Tribal Representative in Maine by Donna M. Loring
125. Inclusion Revolution: The Essential Guide to Dismantling Racial Inequity in the Workplace by Daisy Auger-Dominguez
126. Inclusion: Diversity, the New Workplace, & The Will To Change by Jennifer Brown
127. Inventing Latinos: A New Story of American Racism by Laura E. Gómez
128. Isabel’s Hand-Me-Down Dreams by Isabel Lopez
129. It Takes Moxie by Maureen Francisco
130. It’s About Damn Time by Arlan Hamilton
131. It’s About Time: The Art of Choosing the Meaningful Over the Urgent by Valorie Burton
132. Journey to the Future: A Roadmap for Success for Youth by Ltc. Consuelo Castillo Kickbusch
133. Just as I am by Cicely Tyson
134. Know What Makes Them Tick: How to successfully negotiate almost any situation by Shonda Rhimes
135. Know Your Value: Women, Money, and Genting What You’re Worth by Mika Brzezinski
136. Lakota Woman by Mary Brave Bird
137. Latina Empowerment Through Leadership: Mindful Stories from Inspiring Women by Catherine Munos Garces, Monica Rivera, et al
138. Latinas in Aviation by Jacqueline S. Ruiz
139. Latinas Rising Up in HR: Inspirational Stories of Human Resources Professionals Leading, Thriving, and Breaking Barriers by Priscilla Guasso
140. Latinos in American Society: Families and Communities in Transition by Dr. Ruth Enid Zambrana
141. Lead from the Outside: How to Build Your Future and Make Real Change by Stacey Abrams
142. Leadershp the Eleanor Roosevelt Way: Timeless strategies from the first lady of courage by Robin Gerber
143. Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead by Sheryl Sandberg
144. Leapfrog: The New Revolution for Women Entrepreneuers by Nathalie Molina Niño
145. Leaving Isn’t the Hardest Thing: Essays by Lauren Hough
146. Leaving Little Havana: A memoir of Miami’s Cuban ghetto by Cecilia M. Fernandez
147. Legal Heroes in the Trump Era: Be Inspired. Expand Your Impact. Change the World. by Tahmina Watson
148. Life in Motion: An Unlikely Ballerina by Misty Copeland
149. Limitless: The Power of Hope and Resilience to Overcome Circumstances by Mallory Weggemann
150. Little Black Book: A Toolkit for Working Women by Otegha Uwagba
151. Living for Change by Grace Boggs
152. Love, Loss, and What We Ate: A Memoir by Padma Lakshmi
153. Mad at School: Rhetorics of Mental Disability and Academic Life by Margaret Price
154. Madame Wu Chien-shiung: The First Lady Of Physics Research by Tsai-chien Chiang
155. Marbles: Mainia, Depession Michelangelo, and Me by Ellen Forney
156. Martina by Martina Navratilova
157. Mean by Myriam Gurba
158. Men Explain Things to Me by Rebecca Solnit
159. Men We Reaped: A Memoir by Jesmyn Ward
160. Mexican Enough: My Life Between the Borderlines by Stephanie Elizondo Griest
161. Million Dollar Women: The Essential Guide for Female Entreprenuers Who Want to Go Big by Julia Pimsleur
162. Mindset: The new psychology of success by Carol Dweck
163. Minor Feelings: An Asian American Reckoning by Cathy Park Hong
164. Miss Jessie’s: Creating a Successful Business From Scratch — Naturally by Micho Branch
165. More Myself: A Journey by Alicia Keys
166. More than Enough: Claiming Space for Who You Are (No Matter What They Say) by Elaine Welteroth
167. More Than Pretty: Doing the Sould Work that Uncovers Your True Beauty by Erica Campbell
168. More than Ready: Be Strong and Be You… and Other Lessons for Women of Color on the Rise by Cecilia Muñoz
169. Multipliers: How the best leaders make everyone smarter by Liz Wiseman
170. Muscogee Daughter: My sojourn to the Miss America Pageant by Susan Supernaw
171. My (Underground) American Dream: My True Story as an Undocumented Immigrant Who Became a Wall Street Executive by Julissa Arce
172. My Beloved World by Sonia Sotomayor
173. My Life in Full: Work, Family, and Our Future by Indra Nooyi (business)
174. My Life: Queen of the Court by Serena Williams
175. My Own Words by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Mary Hartnett, Wendy Williams
176. My Time to Speak: Reclaiming Ancestry and Confronting Race by Ilia Calederon
177. Nice Girls Don’t Get the Corner Office: Unonscious Mistakes Women Make that Sabotage Their Careers by Lois P. Frankel, PhD
178. Night Flying Woman: An Ojibway Narrative by Ignatia Broker
179. Nisei Radicals: The Feminist Poetics and Transformative Ministry of Mitsuye Yamada and Michael Yasutake by Diane C. Fujino
180. Nooping: The Cure for White Ladies by Leanne Betasamosake Simpson
181. Octavia’s Brood: Science Fiction from Social Justice Movements by adrienne maree brown (eds)
182. Once I Was You: A Memoir of Love and Hate in a Torn America by María Hinojosa
183. One Life by Megan Rapinoe and Emma Brockes
184. Own It: The Power of Women at Work by Sallie Krawcheck
185. Own Your Phenomenal Self: A Guide on Character, Success, & Leadership by Rita P. Mitchell
186. Perfectly You: Embracing the Power of Being Real by Mariana Atencio
187. Pleasure Activism: The Politics of Feeling Good by adrienne maree brown
188. Poet Warrior: A Memoir by Joy Harjo
189. Portage Lake: Memories of an Ojibwe Childhood by Maude Kegg
190. Postcolonial Leadership, A: Asian Immigrant Christian Leadership and Its Challenges by Hee An Choi
191. Power Moves: How Women Can Pivot, Reboot, and Build a Career of Purpose by Lauren McGoodwin
192. Presence: Bringing your boldest self to your biggest challenges by Amy Cuddy
193. Pressure is a Privilege: Lessons I’ve Learned from Life and the Battle of the Sexes by Billie Jean King
194. Presumed Incompetent: The Intersections of Race and Class for Women in Academia by Gabriella Gutiérrez y Muhs, Yolanda Flores Niemann, Carment G. González
195. Professional Troublemaker: The Fear-Fighter Manual by Luvvie Ajayi Jones
196. Purpose Driven Leadership: Building and fostering effective teams by Brigette Tasha Hyacinth
197. Radical : Fighting to Put Students First by Michelle Rhee
198. Radical Candor: Be a kick-ass boss without losing your humanity by Kim Scott
199. Radical Dharma: Talking Race, Love and Liberation by Rev Angel Kyodo Williams
200. Reality Is Broken: Why games make us better and how they can change the world by Jane McGonigal
201. Recovering the Sacred: The power of naming and claiming by Winona LaDuke
202. Redefining Realness: My Path To Womanhood, Identity, Love & So Much More by Janet Mock
203. Representation Matters: How Victory Fund, Victory Institute, and LGBT Leaders are Transforming America by Karen Ocamb
204. Reset: My Fight for Inclusion and Lasting Change by Ellen Pao
205. Right Within: How to Heal From Racial Trauma in the Workplace by Minda Harts
206. Rising Strong: How the ability to reset transforms the way we live, love, prent, and lead by Brene Brown
207. Rita Moreno: A Memoir by Rita Moreno
208. Run to Win: Lessons in Leadership for Women Changing the World by Stephanie Schriock & Christina Reynolds
209. Salsa, Soul, and Spirit: Leadership for a multicultural age by Juana Bordas
210. See No Stranger: A Memoir and Manifesto of Revolutionary Love by Valarie Kaur
211. Self Made: Becoming Empowered, Self Reliant and Rich in Every Way by Nely Galán
212. Seriously…I’m Kidding by Ellen Degeneres
213. Serving in Silence by Margarethe Cammermeyer
214. Silencing Gender, Age, Ethnicity and Cultural Biases in Leadership by Camilla A. Montoya, Julieta V. García. et al.
215. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde
216. Sitting Pretty: The View from My Oridinary Resilient Disabled Body by Rebekah Taussig
217. Small Doses: Potent Truths for Everyday Use by Amanda Seales
218. Small Victories: Spotting Improbable Moments of Grace by Anne Lamott
219. So You Want to Talk About Race by Ijeoma Oluo
220. Speedbumps: Flooring it through Hollywood by Teri Garr
221. Stand Out: How to find your breakthrough idea and build a following around it by Dorie Clark
222. Staring: How We Look by Rosemarie Garland-Thomson
223. Still life with Rice by Helie Lee
224. Strategize to Win: The New Way to Star Out, Step Up, or Start Over in Your Career by Carla Harris
225. Successful Women Think Differently: 9 Habits to Make You Happier, Healthier & More Resilient by Valorie Burton
226. Surviving Autocracy by Masha Gessen
227. Swimming with Sharks in Dark Waters by Athene Brinson
228. Take Charge of your Brand: Quck and simple techniques to help you own and manage your personal brand for professional and personal success by Guisselle Nuñez
229. Teaching to Transgress: Education as the practice of freedom by bell hooks
230. That’s What She Said: What Men Need to Know (And Women Need to Tell Them) About Working Together by Joanne Lipman
231. The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story by Nikole Hannah-Jones
232. The 9 Steps to Financial Freedom: Practical and Spiritual Steps So You Can Stop Worrying by Suze Orman
233. The Art of Gathering: How We Meet and Why it Matters by Priya Parker
234. The Black Widow’s Guide to Killer Pool: Become the Player to Beat by Jeanette Lee
235. The Book of Awesome Black Americans: cientific Pioneers Trailblazing Entrepreneuers, Barrier-Breaking Activists and AFro-Futurists by Monique jones
236. The Buena Salud Guide to Understanding Depression and Enjoying Life by Jane Delgado
237. The Confidence Code: The Science and Art of Self-Assurance – What Women Should Know by Katty Kay & Claire Shipman
238. The Cooked Seed: A Memoir by Anchee Min
239. The Disability Experience: Working Toward Belonging by Hannalora Leavitt
240. The Diversity Advantage: Fixing Gender Inequality In The Workplace by Ruchika Tulshyan
241. The Education of an Idealist: A Memoir by Samantha Power
242. The Far Away Brothers: Two young migrants and the making of an American life by Lauren Markham
243. The Gloria Anzaldúa Reader (Latin America Otherwise) by Gloria Anzaldua
244. The Hill We Climb by Amanda Gorman
245. The Holly Woodlawn Story: A Low Life in High Heels by Holly Woodlawn
246. The Holy Intimacy of Strangers by Sarah York
247. The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Muñoz Martinez
248. The Latina Guide to Health: Consejos and Caring Answers by Jane Delgado
249. The Leadership Shift: The strategic Positioning of Latino Business Leaders by Dr. Nilda Perez
250. The Likeability Trap: How to Break Free and Succeed As You Are by Alicia Menendez
251. The Little Black Book of Success: Laws of Leadership for Black Women by Elaine Meryl Brown; Marsha Haygood; Angela Burt-Murray
252. The Making of a Manager: What to Do When Everyone Looks To You by Julie Zhuo
253. The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin by Masha Gessen
254. The Memo: What Women of Color Need to Know to Secure a Seat at the Table by Minda Harts
255. The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl by Issa Rae
256. The Next Generation of Women Leaders: What You Need to Lead but Won’t Learn in Business School by Selena Rezvani
257. The Obsessive Joy of Autism by Julia Bascom
258. The One Week Budget by Tiffany Aliche
259. The Power of Latino Leadership: Culture, inclusion, and contribution by Juana Bordas
260. The pretty one: on life, pop cultue, disability, and other reasons to fall in love with me by Keah Brown
261. The Race Whisperer: Barack Obama and the political uses of race by Melanye Price
262. The Road to Someplace Better: From the Segregated South to Harvard Business School and Beyond by Lillian Lincoln Lambert
263. The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions by Paula Gunn Allen
264. The School Days of an Indian Girl, and an Indian Teacher Among Indians by Zitkala-Sa
265. The Silent Master: Awakening the Power Within by Tae Yun Kim (martial artist)
266. The Soul of a Woman by Isabel Allende
267. The Tao of Raven: An Alaska Native Memoir by Ernestine Hayes
268. The Transformational Consumer: Fuel a lifelong love affair with your customers by helping them get healthier, wealthier, and wiser by Tara-Nicholle Nelson
269. The Truths We Hold: An American Journey by Kamala Harris
270. The Turquoise Ledge by Leslie Silko
271. The Undocumented Americans by Karla Conejo Villavicencio
272. The Virtuous Circle: Restore Your Confidence, Bounce Back, and Emerge Stronger by Gaby Natale
273. The White Album by Joan Didion
274. The World I Live In by Helen Keller
275. Thick Face, Black Heart: The warrior philosophy for conquering the challenges of business and life by Chin-Ning Chu
276. Thrive: The Thrid Metric to Redefining Success and Creating a Life of Well-Being, Wisdom, and Wonder by Arianna Huffington
277. Too Late to Die Young: Nearly True Tales from a Life by Harriet McBryde Johnson
278. Truth or Dare: Encounters with power, authority, and mystery by Starhawk
279. Unwritten Rules of Social Relationships: Decoding social mysteries theough autism’s unique perspectives by Temple Grandin
280. Upper Hand: The Future of Work for the Rest of Us by Sherrell Dorsey
281. Waist-High in the World: A Life Among the Nondisabled by Nancy Mairs
282. We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
283. We Will Not Cancel Us by adrienne maree brown
284. Werk 101: Get Your Life Together Guide by Koereyelle DuBose
285. What I Know for Sure by Oprah Winfrey
286. What Will it Take to Make a Woman President? by Marianne Schnall
287. When I Was Puerto Rican by Esmeralda Santiago
288. When Things Fall Apart by Pema Chodron
289. Where the Past Begins: Memory and Imagination by Amy Tan
290. Whiteness Visible: The meaning of whiteness in American literature and culture by Valerie Babb
291. Wiping the War Paint off the Lens: Nativve American Film and Video by Beverly Singer
292. Wishful Drinking by Carrie Fisher
293. WOLFPACK: How to Come Together, Unleash Our Power, and Change the Game by Abby Wambach
294. Women and Leadership: Real Lives, Real Lessons by Julia Gillard & Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
295. Women of Color in Tech: A Bluepring for Inspiing and Menotring the Next Generation of Technology Innovators by Susanne Tedrick
296. Women’s Ways of Knowing (10th Anniversary Edition): The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind by Mary Field Belenky, et. al.
297. You Are a Mogul: How to Do the Impossible, Do It Yourself, and Do It Now by Tiffany Pham
298. Your Next Level Life: 7 Rules of Power, Confidence, and Opportunity for Black Women in America by Karen Arrington
299. Force Majeure: A Futurist’s Guide to Boldly Thriving on Your Terms in the Future of Work by Dr. Terri Horton
300. Blue Ocean Strategy by Renee Mauborgne
301. 101 Reasons to Get Out of Bed by Natasha Milne
302. In-N-Out Burger: A Behind-the-Counter Look at the Fast-Food Chain That Breaks All the Rules by Stacy Perman
303. Option B by Sheryl Sandberg
304. The Change Masters by Rosabeth Moss Kanter
305. Confidence by Rosabeth Moss Kanter
306. Groundswell by Charlene Li
307. Open Leadership by Charlene Li
308. Leadereship and the new Science: Discovering Order in a Chaotic World by Margaret Wheatley
309. Nimble, Focused, Feisty: Organizational Cultures that Win in the New Era and How to Create Them by Sara Roberts
310. Key to Yourself by Dr. Venice Bloodworth
311. Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking by Susan Cain
312. Slide-ology by Nancy Duarte
313. Resonate by Nancy Duarte
314. The Shift by Lynda Gratton
315. Hot Sports by Lynda Gratton
316. The 100 Year Life by Lynda Gratton
317. The Signals are Talking by Amy Webb
318. Weapons of Math Destruction by Cathy O’Neil
319. The Confidence Game by Maria Konnikova
320. The Moonshot Effect by Kate Purmal & Lisa Goldman
321. Branding Pays by Karen Kang
322. The End of Competative Advantage by Rita Gunther McGrath
323. Invent It, Sell It, Bank It!: Make Your Million-Dollar Idea into a Reality by Lori Greiner
324. I’d Rather Be In Charge by Charlotte Beers
325. Think Like a Negotiator by Eldonna Lewis Fernandez
326. ROAR: How to Build a Resilient Organization by Sandy Asch
327. Bridge Builders by Maria Keckler
328. #Values by Dr. Betty Uribe
329. Leading by My Ponytail by Karen M. Walker & Judy Ducharme
330. Business as Unusual by Anita Roddick
331. Thanks for the Feedback by Sheila Heen & Douglas Stone
332. The New Social Learning by Marcia Conner
333. Show Your Work by Jane Bozarth
334. Darling, You Can’t Do Both by Janet Kestin & Nancy Vonk
335. How to Wow by Francsis Cole Jones
336. All the Leader You Can Be by Suzanne Bates
337. Profit from the Positive by Senia Maymin & Margaret H. Greenberg
338. Awakening Compassion at Work by Jane Dutton & Monica Worline
339. Leading so People Will Follow by Erika Andersen
340. It’s Not Rocket Science: 7 Game Changing Traints for Uncommon Success by Mary Spio
341. Unfinished Business by Anne-Marie Slaughter
342. A to Z: Your Navigator to Success by Chin-Ning Chu
343. Rising to the Challenge, My Leadership Journey by Carly Fiorina
344. Rookie Smarts by Liz Wiseman
345. The Theat and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs
346. Engaging Emergence: Turning Upheaval into Opportunity by Peggy Holman
347. Hiding in the Bathroom: An Introvert’s Roadmap to Getting Out There by Morra Aarons-Mele
348. Notorious BIG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg by Irin Carmon & Shana Knizhnik
349. The New IT: How Technology are Enabling Business Strategy in the Digital Age by Jill Dyche
350. A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Woolf
351. Female Firebrands: Stories and Techniques to Ignite Change, Take Control, and Succeed in the Workplace by Mikaela Kiner
352. Blaze Your Own Trail: An Interactive Guide to Navigating Life with Confidence, Solidarity, and Compassion by Rebekah Bastian
353. Inclusion on Purpose: An Intersectional Approach to Creating of Culture of Belonging at Work by Ruchika Tulshyan
354. The No Club: Putting a Stop to Women’s Dead End-Work by Linda Babcock, Brenda Peyser, Lise Vesterlund, and Laurie Weingart
355. Show Your Worth: 8 Intention Strategies for Women to Emerge as Leaders at Work by Shelmina Babai Abji
356. Humor, Seriously: Why Humor is a Secret Weapon in Business and Life by Jennifer Aaker & Naomi Bagdonas
357. Somebody’s Daughter: A Memoir by Ashley C. Ford
358. 7 Forms of Respect: A Guide to Transforming Your Communication and Relationships at Work by Julie Pham, PhD
359. Power Your Purpose: A Leader’s Guide to Creating a Better Life and a Better World by Shian Chuan
360. Red Paint: The Ancestral Autobiography of a Coast Salish Punk by Sasha Lapointe
361. Black and Blue: A Memoir of Racism and Resilience by Veronica Gorrie
362. Spílexm: A Weaving of Recovery, Resilience, and Resurgence by Nicola I. Campbell
363. White Magic by Elissa Wshuta
364. An Indian Among Los Indígenas: A Native Travel Memoir by Ursula Pike
365. Carry: A Memoir of Survival on Stolen Land by Toni Jensen
366. A Mind Spread Out on the Ground by Alicia Elliott
367. Native American DNA by Kim TallBear
368. Raising Ourselves: A Gwitch’in Coming of Age Story from the Yukon River by Velma Wallis
369. Blonde Indian: an Alaska Native Memoir by Ernestine Hayes
370. Cormorant Hunter’s Wife by Joan Naviyuk Kane
371. Roughly for the North by Carrie Ayagduk Ojanen
372. Tales of Ticasuk: Eskimo Legends & Stories by Ticasuk Emily Ivanoff Brown
373. Our Brave Foremothers: Celebrating 100 Black, Brown, Asian & Indigenous Women Who Changed the Course of History by Rozella Kennedy
374. Black Fatigue: How Racism Erodes the Mind, Body, and Spirit by Mary-Francis Winters
375. Year of Yes: How to Dance it Out, Stand in the Sun, and Be Your Own Person by Shonda Rhimes
376. How Boards Work and How They Can Work Better in a Chaotic World by Dambisa Moyo
377. Chasing Youth Culture and Getting it Right: How Your Business Can Profit by Tapping Today’s Most Powerful Trendsetters and Tastemakers by Tina Wells
378. Unapologetically Ambitious: Take Risks, Break Barriers, and Create Success on Your Own Terms by Shellye Archambeau
379. The Rise: Creativity, the Gift of Failure, and the Search for Mastery by Sarah Lewis
380. Black Entrepreneuer Survival Guide: The complete guide to becoming a successful African American entrepreneuer by Dunneille D. Anderson
381. CEO of My Soul: The Self-Love Journey of a Small Business Owner by Nic Cober Esquire
382. Success Never Smelled So Sweet: How I Followed My Nose and Found My Passion by Lisa Price & Hilary Beard
383. We Should All Be Millionaires: A Woman’s Guide to Earning More, Building Wealth, and Gaining Economic Power by Rachel Rodgers
384. 9 Laws of Success: Attracting the Life, Love, Health & Success You Want! by Stormy Wellington
385. Self-Esteem is the New Black: How to become the confident woman you have always wanted to be! by Monique Mays
386. Get Good with Money: Ten Simple Steps to Becoming Financially Whole by Tiffany “The Budgetnista” Aliche
387. How We Show Up: Reclaiming Family, Friendshop, and Community by Mia Birdsong
388. Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay
389. Eloquent Rage: A Black Feminist Discovers Her Superpower by Brittney Cooper
390. Mom and Me and Mom by Maya Angelou
391. The Black Woman Millionaire: A Revolutionary Act that DEFIES Impossible by Dr. Venus Opal Reese
392. When the Miracle Drops: How Instagram Helped Turn a Quick Fix Into a Million-Dollar Product by Jessica Dupart
393. The Path Made Clear: Discovering Your Life’s Direction and Purpose by Oprah Winfrey
394. Mental Detox: The Power and Guidance to Implement Peace, Joy, Balance, and Financial Abundance in Your Life by Cheyenne Bryant
395. Quantam Leaps: 10 Steps to Help You Soar by Gloria Mayfield Bangs
396. Meaty: Essays by Smantha Irby
397. Where You Are is Not Who You Are by Ursula Burns
398. Set Boundaries, Find Peace: A guide to reclaiming yourself by Nedra Glover Tawwab
399. I’m Not Yelling by Elizabeth Leiba
400. Responsible Marketing by Lola Bakare
401. Feeding the Soul by Tabitha Brown
402. Ready, Set, Manifest: A Handbook for the in-between and leaps in life by Debbie Lacey
403. In the Shadow of the Mountain: A Memoir of Courage by Silvia Vasquez-Lavado
404. Through the Dark by Yolanda Nava
405. Thriving in the Fight: A Survival Manual for Latinas on the Front Lines of Change by Denise Padin Collazo
406. Justice & Space Matter in a Strong, Unified Latino Community by Kathy Bussert-Web, Maria Eugenia Diaz, Krystal A Yanez
407. Breaking Ground and Barriers: Hispanic Women Developing Effective Leadership by Gloria Bonilla-Santiago, Ph.D.
408. Latinization and the Latino Leader: How to Value, Develop, and Advance Latino Professionals by Cristina Benitez & Marlene Gonzalez
409. Latino and Latina Leaders of the 21st Century: Ordinary Beginnings, Extraordinary Outcomes by Kay (Kayla) S. Garcia
410. The More or Less Definitive Guide to Self Care by Anna Borges
411. Act Like a Leader, Think Like a Leader by Hermina Ibarra
412. You Don’t Hae to Like Me: Essays on Growing Up, Speaking Out, and Finding Feminism by Alida Nugent
413. Demystifying Disability: What to Know, What to Say, and How to Be an Ally by Emily Ladau
414. Year of the Tiger: An Activists Life by Alice Wong
415. What Doesn’t Kill You: A Life with Chronic Illness – Lessons from a Body in Revolt by Tessa Miller
416. Resistance and Hope: Essays by Disabled People by edited by Alice Wong
417. A Face for Picasso: Coming of Age with Crouzon Syndrome by Ariel Henley
418. Just Human: The Quest for Disability Wisdom, Respect, and Inclusion by Arielle Silverman, PhD
419. How I See It: A Personal and Historical View of Disability by H Penny Mishkin
420. Successfull to Burnt Out: Experiences of Women on the Autism Spectrum by Karletta Abianac
421. More the Same than Different: What I Wish People Knew About Respecting and Including People with Disabilities by Lorraine Cannistra
422. Not a Poster Child: Living Well with a Disability – A Memoir by Francine Falk-Allen
423. My Body is Not a Prayer Request: Disability Justice in the Church by Amy Kenny
424. Glue: How Project Leaders Create Cohesive, Engaged, High-Performing Teams by Anh Dao Pham
425. Uplifted: Journeys of Abundance, Community, and Identity by Geena Chen
426. Sheer Determination: Swimming Upstream in a Downstream World by Kay Hirai
427. Fierce and Fearless: Patsy Takemoto Mink, First Woman of Color in Congress by Judy Tzu-Chun Wu & Gwendolyn Mink
428. The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century by Grace Lee Boggs
429. The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump by Michiko Kakutani
430. The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts by Maxine Hong Kingston
431. America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States by Erika Lee
432. Somewhere Inside: One Sister’s Captivity in North Korea and the Other’s Fight to Bring Her Home by Laura Ling & Lisa Ling
433. I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For: Now What? 21 Days to Confidence and Clarity by Dr. Sweta Chawla
434. The Asian American Achievement Paradox by Jennifer Lee, Min Zhou
435. Breaking the Bamboo Ceiling: Career Strategies for Asians by Jane Hyun
436. Perfect Enough: How to be happier and more productive by letting go of perfectionism by Judy T. Dang
437. The Wake Up: Closing the Gap Between Good Intentions and Real Change by Michelle Mijung Kim
438. Why Not Me? by Mindy Kaling
439. Innovation Starts With I: Increase Your Influence. Ignite Your Impact. by Saleema Vellani
440. Sound Is Not Enough: The Art of Captioning for Universal Access by Svetlana Kouznetsova
441. I’m Speaking: Every Woman’s Guide for Finding Your Voice and Using It Fearlessly by Jessica Doyle-Mekkes
442. Back to Business: Finding Your Confidence, Embracing Your Skills, and Landing Your Dream Job After a Career Pause by Nancy McSharry Jensen & Sarah Duenwald
443. Insight by Tasha Eurich
444. Build your dream team: Leadership based on a passion for people by Candela Iglesis
445. Conversational Intelligence: How great leaders build trust and get extraordinary results by Judith Glaser
446. Dare to Inspire by Allison Holzer
447. Disrupt it Yourself by Simone Ahuja
448. Disrupters: Success strategies from women who break the mold by Patti Fletcher
449. Fearless Growth by Amanda Setili
450. Managing Up by Mary Abbajay
451. Power Your Tribe by Christine Comaford
452. Teaming: How organizations learn, innovate and compete in the knowledge economy by Amy Edmondson
453. The Future Workplace Experience by Jeanne Meister and Karen Mulcahy
454. The myth of the nice girl by Fran Hauser
455. Brave Leadership: Unleash your most confident, powerful and authentic self by Kimberly Davis
456. Emotional agility by Susan David
457. Fierce Leadership by Susan Scott
458. Leading gracefully: A women’s guide to confident, authentic and effective leadership by Monique Tallon
459. The Fearless Organization by Amy C. Edmondson
460. The Insiders guide to culture change by Siobhan McHale
461. Thinking in Bets: Making smarter decisions when you don’t have al the facts by Anne Duke
462. The Good Boss: 9 Ways Every Manager Can Support Women at Work by Kate Eberle Walker
463. The Gray Rhino by Michele Wucker
464. The Long Game: How to Be a Long-Term Thinker in a Short-Term World by Dorie Clark
465. The Art of Change Leadership: Driving Transformation In a Fast-Paced World by Cheryl Cran
466. What I Wish I Knew When I Was 20: A Crash Course on Making Your Place in the World by Tina Seelig
467. Quirky: the remarkable story of how traits, foibles and genius of breakthrough innovators who changed the world by Mellisa Schilling
468. The 9 types of leadership by Beatrice Chestnut
469. How Innovation Really Works by Ann Knott
470. How Women Decide by Therese Huston
471. The Culture Map by Erin Meyer
472. The Managers Path by Camille Fournier
473. Jennifer Riel & Roger Marting by Elizabeth Shassere
474. Build an A team: Play to their strengths and lead them up the learning curve by Whitney Johnson
475. From Supervisor to Super Leader by Shanda Miller
476. Leading with grit by Laurie Sudbrink
477. Know My Name by Chanel Miller
478. Open Leadership: How Social Technology Can Transform the Way You Lead by Charlene Li
479. Powerful: Building a culture of freedom & responsibility by Patty McCord
480. The Art of Authenticity by Karissa Thacker
481. The Art of Quiet Influence by Jocelyn Davis
482. The Female Advantage: Women’s Ways of Leadership by Sally Helgesen
483. The influence effect: A new path to power for women leaders by Kathryn Heath, Jill Flynn and Mary Davis Holt
484. Women Make Great Leaders by Jill Griffin
485. Leadership Unchained: Defy Conventional wisdom for breakthrough performance by Sara Canady
486. Move: How decisive leaders execute strategy despite obstacles, set backs and stalls by Patti Azzarello
487. The language of emotional intelligence by Jeanne Segal
488. Rule Makers, Rule Breakers by Michele Gelfand
489. The Hope Driven Leader by Libby Gill
490. Bad leadership: What it is how it happens why it matters by Barbara Kellerman
491. The Secret Thoughts of Successful Women by Valerie Young
492. Creating Great Choices by Jennifer Riel & Roger Martin
493. Counter Mentor Leadership by Kelly Riggs & Robby Riggs
494. How to Work With and Lead People Not Like You by Kelly McDonald & Teri Schmidt
495. The Art of Caring Leadership by Heather Younger
496. The Inspiration Code by Kristi Hedges
497. The Leader of the Future 2 by Frances Hesselbein & Marshall Goldsmith
498. Unleashed by Frances Frei & Anne Morriss
499. I Wish I’d Known This: 6 Career-Accelerating Secrets for Women Leaders by Brenda Wensil & Kathryn Heath
500. The Leadership Gap: What Gets Between You and Your Greatness by Lolly Daskal
501. Who Thought This Was a Good Idea?: And Other Questions You Should Have When You Work in the White House by Alyssa Mastromonaco
502. The Most Powerful Woman in the Room is You by Lydia Fenet
503. The Making of a Manager: What to Do When Everyone Looks Like You by Julie Zhuo
504. She Thinks Like a Boss: Leadership by Jemma Roedel
505. Lead Like a Woman by Deborah Smith Pegues
506. When Women Lead by Julie Boorstin
507. Becoming by Michelle Obama
508. The Female Vision: Women’s Real Power at Work by Sally Helgesen & Julie Johnson
509. The Black Woman in Leadership’s Survival Guide by Becca Bakre & Ashley Gray
510. The Manicurist’s Daughter: A Memoir by Susan Lieu
511. In Her Own Voice: A Woman’s Rise to CEO: Overcoming Hurdles to Change the Face of Leadership by Jennifer McCollum
512. Sit Down to Rise Up by Shelly Tygielski
513. The Boldly Inclusive Leader by Minette Norman
514. Unlearning Silence: How to Speak Your Mind, Unleash Talent, and Live More Fully by Elaine Lin Hering
515. The Creative Way Forward: A Guide for Navigating Change in Work and Life by Jen Martin
516. Building a Life Worth Living: A Memoir by Marsha M. Linehan
517. Connie: A Memoir by Connie Chung
518. The Survival Guide for Gen X Leaders: Building the Bridge from the Great Resignation to the Multigenerational Future We All Want by Amy Morrison
519. Creating Equity with Gracious Space: Applications in Inclusion and Belonging by Patricia Hughes
520. Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life by Anne Lamott
521. Be BOLD Today: Unleash Your Potential, Master Your Mindset, and Achieve Success by Leigh Burgess
522. A Writer’s Diary by Virginia Woolf
523. Chinese Cinderella:The true story of an unwanted daughter by Adeline Yen Mah
524. Dust track on a road by Zora Neale Hurston
525. Blackbird:A childhood lost and found by Jennifer Lauck
526. Falling Leaves by Adeline Yen Mah
527. Desert Flower by Cathleen Miller and Waris Dirie
528. Female Innovators at Work: women on top of tech by Danielle Newnham
529. Sharing Space: An Astronaut’s Guide to Mission, Wonder, and Making Change by Cady Coleman
530. It’s Not (All) Your Fault: Self-Help and the Individualization of Oppression by Sharon Podobnik
531. This Little World: A How-To Guide for Social Innovators by Shelly Kurtz
532. Joyful Living: Find Joy in the Journey by Lien Ngu
533. Budding Lotus in the West: Buddhism from an Immigrant’s Feminist Perspective by Nhi Yến Đỗ Trần
534. The Let Them Theory by Mel Robbins
535. Thrive: How Learning Can Ignite a New Way Forward by Gina Anderson
536. Beyond Inclusion, Beyond Empowerment A Developmental Strategy to Liberate Everyone by Leticia Nieto
537. Get Up And Get On It: A Black Entrepreneur’s Lessons on Creating Legacy and Wealth by Dana Frank
538. DEI-ing: A Guide to Navigating the Gotdamn Mess They’ve Made of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion by Dr. Cheryl Ingram
539. Purple Harvest: Planting Goals, Growing Truths by Dr. Rashonda Harris
540. Incidents in the life of a slave girl by Harriot Jacobs
541. Death of Innocence by Christopher Benson and Mamie Till-Mobley
542. We are bridges by Cassandra lane
543. Singing away the hunger by Mpho ‘M’atsepo Nthunya
544. Calling In: How to Start Making Change with Those You’d Rather Cancel by Loretta Ross
545. Men we reaped by Jesmyn Ward
546. Lovely One: A Memoir by Ketanji Brown Jackson
547. All that she carried by Tiya Miles
548. Constructing a nervous system by Margo Jefferson
549. Zami:A new spelling of my name by Audre Lorde
550. The source of self-regard by Tony Morrison
551. The light we carry by Michelle Obama
552. Barracoon “The story of The last Black Cargo by Zora Neale Hurston
553. Black Women Taught Us: An Intimate History of Black Feminism by Jenn M. Jackson, PhD
554. On Thriving: Harnessing Joy Through Life’s Great Labors by Brandi Sellerz-Jackson
555. Madness: Race and Insanity in a Jim Crow Asylum by Anotonia Hylton
556. First Things First: Hip-Hop Ladies Who Changed the Game by Nadirah Simmons
557. Ida B. Wells Marches for the Vote by Dinah Johnson
558. Praiseong for the Kitchen Ghosts: Stories and Recipes from Five Generations of Black Country Cooks by Crystal Wilkinson
559. I Did a New Thing: 30 Days to Living Free by Tabitha Brown
560. Nothing is Missing: A Memoir of Living Bodly by Nicole Walters
561. The Elevation Approach by Tina Wells
562. Black Titan: A.G. Gaston and the Making of a Black American Millionaire by Carol Jenkins & Elizabeth Gardner Hines
563. Black, White, and The Grey by Mashama Bailey & John O. Morisano
564. Bee Fearless: Dream Like a Kid by Mikaila Ulmer
565. Wildflower: A Memoir by Aurora James
566. Please Don’t Sit On My Bed In Your Outside Clothes by Phoebe Robinson
567. The Black Girl’s Guide to Financial Freedom: Build Wealth, Retire Early, and Live the Life of Your Dreams by Paris Woods
568. Life Coaching for Successful Women: Powerful Questions, Practical Answers by Valorie Burton
569. Of Greed and Glory: In Pursuit of Freedom for All by Deborah G. Plant
570. Worthy by Jada Pinkett Smith
571. Leslie F*cking Jones: A Memoir by Leslie Jones
572. Eartha & Kitt: A Daughter’s Love Story in Black and White by Kitt Shapiro
573. I Saw Death Coming: A History of Terror and Survival in the War Against Reconstruction by Kidada E. Williams
574. Inside Out: The Equity Leader’s Guide to Undoing Institutional Racism by Caprice D. Hollins
575. The Urgent Life: My Story of Love, Loss, and Survival by Bozoma Saint John
576. Unbowed by Wangari Maathai
577. Acting Up: Winning in Business and in Life Using Down-Home Wisdom by Janice Bryant Howroyd
578. The Extraordinary Power of Leader Humility by Marilyn Gist
579. I’m Still Here: Black Dignity in a World Made for Whiteness by Austin Channing Brown
580. The Purpose of Power: How We Come Together When We Fall Apart by Alicia Garza
581. A Good Cry, What we Learn from Tears and Laughter by Nikki Giovanni
582. Speaking Truth to Power by Anita Hill
583. Good Night Sotries for Rebel Girls: 100 Real-Life Tales of Black Girl Magic by Sonja Thomas, Lilly Workneh
584. Undrowned: Black Feminist Lessons from Marine Mammals by Alexis Pauline Gumbs
585. Impolite Conversations: On Race, Politics, Sex, Moneu, and Religion by Cora Daniels & John L. Jackson Jr.
586. You Got This!: Unleash Your Awesomness, Find Your Path, and Change Your World by Maya Penn
587. Black Girls Rock!: Owning Our Magic, Rocking Our Truth by Beverly Bond
588. The Last Black Unicorn by Tiffany Haddish

We hope that you enjoyed exploring our 2025 leadership books written by women and those that identify as women. You can check out our other leadership book lists by authors who identify as Black,Hispanic/Latino/Latinx, AANHPI, Native American, and those who identify as having disabilities.